70 Russian Phrases to Know Before You Visit Russia

Traveling in Russia is much easier if you can speak a little bit of Russian. While in larger cities you are likely to find locals who speak English, if you want to explore the rest of the country you will need some basic Russian phrases to help you get by. In this article, you will find a comprehensive list of essential Russian phrases split into categories such as greetings, basic requests, directions, shopping, ordering food, time, and general conversation. Its a good idea to learn at least a few from each category before you travel. English Russian Pronunciation Example Hello (formal) Ðâ€"Ð ´Ã'€Ð °Ã ²Ã' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã'Æ'Ð ¹Ã'‚Ð µ ZDRASTvooytye Ðâ€"Ð ´Ã'€Ð °Ã ²Ã' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã'Æ'Ð ¹Ã'‚Ð µ, ИÃ'€Ð ¸Ã ½Ã °. (ZDRASTvooytye, iREEna) - Hello, Irina. Hello (informal) ПÃ'€Ð ¸Ã ²Ã µÃ'‚ priVYET ПÃ'€Ð ¸Ã ²Ã µÃ'‚, Ã'‚Ã'‹ Ð ´Ã °Ã ²Ã ½Ã ¾ Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¸Ã µÃ'…Ð °Ã »? (priVYET, ty davNOH priYEhal?) - Hi, have you been here long/When did you get there? Good morning ДÐ ¾Ã ±Ã'€Ð ¾Ã µ Ã'Æ'Ã'‚Ã'€Ð ¾ DOBraye OOtra ДÐ ¾Ã ±Ã'€Ð ¾Ã µ Ã'Æ'Ã'‚Ã'€Ð ¾, Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Æ'Ð ´Ã µÃ ½Ã'‚Ã'‹ (DOBroye OOTra, stuDYENty) - Good morning, students. Good afternoon ДÐ ¾Ã ±Ã'€Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ð ´Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å' DOBry DYEN' ДÐ ¾Ã ±Ã'€Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ð ´Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å', Ã'‡Ð µÃ ¼ Ð ¼Ã ¾Ã ³Ã'Æ' Ð ²Ã °Ã ¼ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã'‡Ã'Å'? (DOBry DYEN', CHEM maGOO VAM paMOCH?) - Good afternoon, how can I help you? Good evening ДÐ ¾Ã ±Ã'€Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ð ²Ã µÃ'‡Ð µÃ'€ DOBry VYEcher Ð’Ã' Ã µÃ ¼ Ð ´Ã ¾Ã ±Ã'€Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ð ²Ã µÃ'‡Ð µÃ'€ (VSEM DOBry VYEcher) - Good evening, everyone. Goodbye ДÐ ¾ Ã' Ã ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã'  da sveeDAnya Ð ¡Ã ¿Ã °Ã' Ã ¸Ã ±Ã ¾, Ð ´Ã ¾ Ã' Ã ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã'  (spaSEEba, da sveeDAbya) - Thanks, goodbye. Bye ПÐ ¾Ã ºÃ ° paKA ПÐ ¾Ã ºÃ °, Ã'Æ'Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã µÃ ¼Ã' Ã'  (paKA, ooVEEdymsya) - Bye, see you. How are you? КÐ °Ã º Ð ´Ã µÃ »Ã °? kak dyLA ПÃ'€Ð ¸Ã ²Ã µÃ'‚, Ð ºÃ °Ã º Ð ´Ã µÃ »Ã °? (preeVYET, kak dyLA?) - Hi, how are you? I'm fine, thanks Ð ¥Ã ¾Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'ˆÐ ¾, Ã' Ã ¿Ã °Ã' Ã ¸Ã ±Ã ¾ haraSHOH, spaSEEba Ð’Ã' Ã'‘ Ã'…Ð ¾Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'ˆÐ ¾, Ã' Ã ¿Ã °Ã' Ã ¸Ã ±Ã ¾. (VSYO haraSHOH, spaSEEba) - Everything is fine, thanks. I'm okay, thanks Ð Ã ¾Ã'€Ð ¼Ã °Ã »Ã'Å'Ð ½Ã ¾, Ã' Ã ¿Ã °Ã' Ã ¸Ã ±Ã ¾ narMAL'na, spaSEEba ДÐ ° Ð ½Ã ¾Ã'€Ð ¼Ã °Ã »Ã'Å'Ð ½Ã ¾, Ã' Ã ¿Ã °Ã' Ã ¸Ã ±Ã ¾, Ð ° Ã'‚Ã'‹? (da narMAL'na, spaSEEba, ah TY?) - I'm okay, thanks, and you? I'm not too bad, thanks Ð Ã µÃ ¿Ã »Ã ¾Ã'…Ð ¾, Ã' Ã ¿Ã °Ã' Ã ¸Ã ±Ã ¾ nyPLOkha, spaSEEba Ð ¢Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã µ Ð ½Ã µÃ ¿Ã »Ã ¾Ã'…Ð ¾, Ã' Ã ¿Ã °Ã' Ã ¸Ã ±Ã ¾ (TOzhe nyPLOkha, spaSEEba) - I'm not too bad either, thanks. Basic Requests English Russian Pronunciation Example Excuse me ИÐ ·Ã ²Ã ¸Ã ½Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µ eezveeNEEtye ИÐ ·Ã ²Ã ¸Ã ½Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µ, Ã'Æ' Ð ²Ã °Ã'  Ã'‡Ã'‚Ð ¾-Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ã'Æ'Ð ¿Ã °Ã »Ã ¾ (eezveeNEEtye, oo VAS shtoh ta ooPAla) - Excuse me, you dropped something. Excuse me ПÃ'€Ð ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã'‚Ð µ prasTEEtye ПÃ'€Ð ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã'‚Ð µ, Ð ²Ã'‹ - ДÐ ¸Ã ¼Ã °? (prasTEEtye, vy - DEEmah?) - Excuse me, are you Dima? Could you tell me please... Ð’Ã'‹ Ð ½Ã µ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ´Ã' Ã ºÃ °Ã ¶Ã µÃ'‚Ð µ... vy nye padSKAzhytye... Ð’Ã'‹ Ð ½Ã µ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ´Ã' Ã ºÃ °Ã ¶Ã µÃ'‚Ð µ, Ð ºÃ °Ã º Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¹Ã'‚Ð ¸ Ð ½Ã ° Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã ¸Ã'†Ã'Æ' БÐ °Ã ¶Ã ¾Ã ²Ã °? (vy nye padSKAzhytye, kak prayTEE na OOlitsu baZHOva?) - Could you tell me, please, how to get to Bazhov Street? Could you tell me, please Ð ¡Ã ºÃ °Ã ¶Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µ, Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã °Ã »Ã'Æ'Ð ¹Ã' Ã'‚Ð ° skaZHEEtye, paZHAlusta Ð ¡Ã ºÃ °Ã ¶Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µ, Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã °Ã »Ã'Æ'Ð ¹Ã' Ã'‚Ð °, Ð ·Ã ´Ã µÃ' Ã'Å' Ð ½Ã µÃ ´Ã °Ã »Ã µÃ ºÃ ¾ Ð ¼Ã µÃ'‚Ã'€Ð ¾? (skaZHEEtye, paZHAlusta, sdes nedaleKOH metROH?) - Could you please tell me if the subway is nearby? Directions and Traveling English Russian Pronunciation Example Where? ГÐ ´Ã µ? gdye? Ð ¢Ã'‹ Ð ³Ã ´Ã µ Ã' Ã µÃ ¹Ã'‡Ð °Ã' ? (ty GDYE syCHAS?) - Where are you right now? How do I get to...? КÐ °Ã º Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¹Ã'‚Ð ¸ kak prayTEE КÐ °Ã º Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¹Ã'‚Ð ¸ Ð º Ð ¼Ã µÃ'‚Ã'€Ð ¾? (kak prayTEE kmetROH?) - How do I get to the subway? Turn left ПÐ ¾Ã ²Ã µÃ'€Ð ½Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µ Ð ½Ã °Ã »Ã µÃ ²Ã ¾ pavyerNEEtye naLYEva ПÐ ¾Ã ²Ã µÃ'€Ð ½Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µ Ð ½Ã °Ã »Ã µÃ ²Ã ¾ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã' Ã »Ã µ Ð ¿Ã °Ã ¼Ã' Ã'‚Ð ½Ã ¸Ã ºÃ ° (paverNEEtye naLYEva POSle PAmyatnika) - Turn left after the monument. Turn right ПÐ ¾Ã ²Ã µÃ'€Ð ½Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µ Ð ½Ã °Ã ¿Ã'€Ð °Ã ²Ã ¾ pavyerNEEtye naPRAva ПÐ ¾Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ¼ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ²Ã µÃ'€Ð ½Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µ Ð ½Ã °Ã ¿Ã'€Ð °Ã ²Ã ¾ (paTOM paverNEEtye naPRAva) - Then, turn right. Keep going straight ИÐ ´Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µ Ð ¿Ã'€Ã' Ã ¼Ã ¾ eeDEEtye PRYAma ПÃ'€Ð ¾Ã ´Ã ¾Ã »Ã ¶Ã °Ã ¹Ã'‚Ð µ Ð ¸Ã ´Ã'‚Ð ¸ Ð ¿Ã'€Ã' Ã ¼Ã ¾ (pradalZHAYte itTEE PRYAma) - Keep on going straight ahead. After Ð §Ã µÃ'€Ð µÃ · CHYErez Ð §Ã µÃ'€Ð µÃ · Ð ´Ã ²Ã µ Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã ¸Ã'†Ã'‹ (CHYErez DVYE OOlitsy) - After two streets. After ПÐ ¾Ã' Ã »Ã µ POSle ПÐ ¾Ã' Ã »Ã µ Ð ¼Ã °Ã ³Ã °Ã ·Ã ¸Ã ½Ã ° Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ²Ã ¾Ã'€Ð °Ã'‡Ð ¸Ã ²Ã °Ã ¹Ã'‚Ð µ (POSle magaZEEna pavaRAchivayte) - Turn after the shop. How can I get to...? КÐ °Ã º Ð ´Ã ¾Ã ±Ã'€Ð °Ã'‚Ã'Å'Ã' Ã'  Ð ´Ã ¾ kak dabRATsa da КÐ °Ã º Ð ¼Ã ½Ã µ Ð ¼Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã ½Ã ¾ Ð ´Ã ¾Ã ±Ã'€Ð °Ã'‚Ã'Å'Ã' Ã'  Ð ´Ã ¾ Ð ³Ã ¾Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ´Ã °? (kak mnye MOZHna dabRAT'sya da GOrada?) - How can I get to the city/town? One ticket, please ОÐ ´Ã ¸Ã ½ Ð ±Ã ¸Ã »Ã µÃ'‚, Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã °Ã »Ã'Æ'Ð ¹Ã' Ã'‚Ð ° aDEEN biLYET, paZHAlusta ОÐ ´Ã ¸Ã ½ Ð ±Ã ¸Ã »Ã µÃ'‚ Ð ´Ã ¾ Ð  Ã ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ²Ã °, Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã °Ã »Ã'Æ'Ð ¹Ã' Ã'‚Ð ° (aDEEN biLYET da rasTOva, paZHAlusta) - One ticket to Rostov, please. Where is the bus stop? ГÐ ´Ã µ Ð ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð °Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ²Ã ºÃ ° Ð °Ã ²Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ±Ã'Æ'Ã' Ã °? gDYE astaNOVka afTObusa? Ð’Ã'‹ Ð ½Ã µ Ð ·Ã ½Ã °Ã µÃ'‚Ð µ, Ð ³Ã ´Ã µ Ã'‚Ã'Æ'Ã'‚ Ð ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð °Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ²Ã ºÃ ° Ð °Ã ²Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ±Ã'Æ'Ã' Ã °? (vy nye ZNAyetye, gde toot astaNOVka afTObusa?) - Do you know where the bus stop is around here? Where is the metro/subway (stop)? ГÐ ´Ã µ (Ã' Ã'‚Ð °Ã ½Ã'†Ð ¸Ã' ) Ð ¼Ã µÃ'‚Ã'€Ð ¾? gDYE (STANcia) metRO? Ð  Ð ³Ã ´Ã µ Ã'‚Ã'Æ'Ã'‚ Ã' Ã'‚Ð °Ã ½Ã'†Ð ¸Ã'  Ð ¼Ã µÃ'‚Ã'€Ð ¾? (a gDYE toot STANcia metRO?) - And where is the subway here? I'm taking the train Ð ¯ Ð µÃ ´Ã'Æ' Ð ½Ã ° Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã µÃ ·Ã ´Ã µ ya YEdoo na POyezde Ð ¯ Ð µÃ ´Ã'Æ' Ð ² Ð’Ð »Ã °Ã ´Ã ¸Ã ²Ã ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã º Ð ½Ã ° Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã µÃ ·Ã ´Ã µ. (ya YEdoo v vladivaSTOK na POyezdye) - I am going to Vladivostok by train. What time is the flight? Ð’Ð ¾ Ã' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã »Ã'Å'Ð ºÃ ¾ Ã'€Ð µÃ ¹Ã' ? va SKOL'ka REYS? Ð’Ð ¾ Ã' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã »Ã'Å'Ð ºÃ ¾ Ð ½Ã °Ã'ˆ Ã'€Ð µÃ ¹Ã' ? (va SKOL'ka nash REYS?) - What time is our flight? I need a taxi ÐÅ"Ð ½Ã µ Ð ½Ã'Æ'Ð ¶Ã ½Ã ¾ Ã'‚Ð °Ã ºÃ' Ã ¸ mnye NOOZHna taXI ÐÅ"Ð ½Ã µ Ð ½Ã'Æ'Ð ¶Ã ½Ã ¾ Ð ·Ã °Ã ºÃ °Ã ·Ã °Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ã'‚Ð °Ã ºÃ' Ã ¸ (MNye NOOZHna zakaZAT' taXI) - I need to order a taxi. Shopping English Russian Pronunciation Example How much is (it)? Ð ¡Ã ºÃ ¾Ã »Ã'Å'Ð ºÃ ¾ Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ¸Ã'‚ SKOL'ka STOit Ð ¡Ã ºÃ ¾Ã »Ã'Å'Ð ºÃ ¾ Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ¸Ã'‚ Ã' Ã'‚Ð ° Ð ºÃ ½Ã ¸Ã ³Ã °? (SKOL'ka STOit EHta KNEEga?) - How much is this book? Shop/store ÐÅ"Ð °Ã ³Ã °Ã ·Ã ¸Ã ½ magaZEEN ÐÅ"Ð °Ã ³Ã °Ã ·Ã ¸Ã ½ Ð µÃ'‰Ð µ Ð ¾Ã'‚Ð ºÃ'€Ã'‹Ã'‚ (magaZEEN yeSHO atKRYT) - The shop is still open. Supermarket Ð ¡Ã'Æ'Ð ¿Ã µÃ'€Ð ¼Ã °Ã'€Ð ºÃ µÃ'‚ superMARket ÐÅ"Ð ½Ã µ Ð ½Ã'Æ'Ð ¶Ã ½Ã ¾ Ð ·Ã °Ã' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã'‡Ð ¸Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ð ² Ã' Ã'Æ'Ð ¿Ã µÃ'€Ð ¼Ã °Ã'€Ð ºÃ µÃ'‚ (MNE NOOZHna zaskaCHIT f superMARket) - I need to pop into the supermarket. Kiosk КÐ ¸Ã ¾Ã' Ã º keeOSK КÐ ¸Ã ¾Ã' Ã º Ð ·Ã °Ã ºÃ'€Ã'‹Ã'‚ (keeOSK zaKRYT) - The kiosk is shut. Bookstore КÐ ½Ã ¸Ã ¶Ã ½Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ð ¼Ã °Ã ³Ã °Ã ·Ã ¸Ã ½ KNIZHny magaZEEN Ðâ€"Ð ´Ã µÃ' Ã'Å' Ð µÃ' Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ð ºÃ ½Ã ¸Ã ¶Ã ½Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ð ¼Ã °Ã ³Ã °Ã ·Ã ¸Ã ½? (sDES' EST' KNEEZHny magaZEEN?) - Is there a bookstore here? Clothes store ÐÅ"Ð °Ã ³Ã °Ã ·Ã ¸Ã ½ Ð ¾Ã ´Ã µÃ ¶Ã ´Ã'‹ magaZEEN aDYEZHdy Ðâ€"Ð °Ã ¹Ã ´Ã µÃ ¼ Ð ² Ð ¼Ã °Ã ³Ã °Ã ·Ã ¸Ã ½ Ð ¾Ã ´Ã µÃ ¶Ã ´Ã'‹ (zayDYOM vmagaZEEN aDYEZHdy) - Let's pop into a clothes store. I need to buy... ÐÅ"Ð ½Ã µ Ð ½Ã'Æ'Ð ¶Ã ½Ã ¾ Ð ºÃ'Æ'Ð ¿Ã ¸Ã'‚Ã'Å' mnye NOOZHna kooPEET' ÐÅ"Ð ½Ã µ Ð ½Ã'Æ'Ð ¶Ã ½Ã ¾ Ð ºÃ'Æ'Ð ¿Ã ¸Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ð ·Ã ¾Ã ½Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã º (mnye NOOZHna kooPEET' ZONtik) - I need to buy an umbrella. Cash Ð Ã °Ã »Ã ¸Ã'‡Ð ½Ã'‹Ð µ naLEEchnye ОÐ ¿Ã »Ã °Ã'‚Ð ° Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã »Ã'Å'Ð ºÃ ¾ Ð ½Ã °Ã »Ã ¸Ã'‡Ð ½Ã'‹Ð ¼Ã ¸ (apLAta TOL'ka naLEEchnymi) - Cash only. Credit card КÃ'€Ð µÃ ´Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð ½Ã °Ã'  Ð ºÃ °Ã'€Ã'‚Ð °/Ð ºÃ'€Ð µÃ ´Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð ºÃ ° kreDEETnaya KARta/kreDEETka ÐÅ"Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ½Ã ¾ Ð ·Ã °Ã ¿Ã »Ã °Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ð ºÃ'€Ð µÃ ´Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð ½Ã ¾Ã ¹ Ð ºÃ °Ã'€Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ¹? (MOZhna zaplaTEET' kreDEETnay KARtay?) - Can I pay with my credit card? How much will that be? Ð ¡Ã ºÃ ¾Ã »Ã'Å'Ð ºÃ ¾ Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ð ±Ã'Æ'Ð ´Ã µÃ'‚ SKOL'ka EHta BOOdet Ð ¡Ã ºÃ ¾Ã »Ã'Å'Ð ºÃ ¾ Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ð ²Ã' Ã'‘ Ð ±Ã'Æ'Ð ´Ã µÃ'‚? (SKOL'ka EHta VSYO BOOdet?) - How much will all of this be? Ordering Food English Russian Pronunciation Example May I have ÐÅ"Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ½Ã ¾ Ð ¼Ã ½Ã µ MOZHna MNYE ÐÅ"Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ½Ã ¾ Ð ¼Ã ½Ã µ Ã'‡Ð °Ã'Ž? (MOZHna MNYE CHAyu?) I will have Ð ¯ Ð ±Ã'Æ'Ð ´Ã'Æ' ya BOOdoo Ð ¯ Ð ±Ã'Æ'Ð ´Ã'Æ' Ã' Ã °Ã »Ã °Ã'‚ (ya BOOdu saLAT) - I will have the salad. I will get Ð ¯ Ð ²Ã ¾Ã ·Ã'Å'Ð ¼Ã'Æ' ya vaz'MOO Ð ¯ Ð ²Ã ¾Ã ·Ã'Å'Ð ¼Ã'Æ' Ã'€Ã'‹Ð ±Ã'Æ' (ya vaz'MOO RYboo) - I will get/have the fish. Could I have the menu, please ПÃ'€Ð ¸Ã ½Ã µÃ' Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µ Ð ¼Ã µÃ ½Ã'Ž, Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã °Ã »Ã'Æ'Ð ¹Ã' Ã'‚Ð ° prinyeSEEtye meNU, paZHAlusta ПÃ'€Ð ¸Ã ½Ã µÃ' Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µ, Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã °Ã »Ã'Æ'Ð ¹Ã' Ã'‚Ð °, Ð ¼Ã µÃ ½Ã'Ž (prinyeSEEtye, paZHAlusta, meNU) - Could you bring the menu, please. The bill, please Ð §Ã µÃ º, Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã °Ã »Ã'Æ'Ð ¹Ã' Ã'‚Ð ° chek, paZHAlusta ПÃ'€Ð ¸Ã ½Ã µÃ' Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µ Ã'‡Ð µÃ º, Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã °Ã »Ã'Æ'Ð ¹Ã' Ã'‚Ð ° (prinyeSEEtye chek, paZHAlusta) - Please bring the bill. For the starter/main course/dessert Ð Ã ° Ð ¿Ã µÃ'€Ð ²Ã ¾Ã µ/Ð ²Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'€Ð ¾Ã µ/Ð ´Ã µÃ' Ã' Ã µÃ'€Ã'‚ na PYERvoye/ftaROye/ desSYERT Ð Ã ° Ð ¿Ã µÃ'€Ð ²Ã ¾Ã µ Ã'  Ð ·Ã °Ã ºÃ °Ã ¶Ã'Æ' Ð ³Ã'€Ð ¸Ã ±Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ¹ Ã' Ã'Æ'Ð ¿ (na PYERvaye ya zakaZHOO gribNOY SOOP) - For my starter, I will order the mushroom soup. Could I please have some ПÃ'€Ð ¸Ã ½Ã µÃ' Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µ, Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã °Ã »Ã'Æ'Ð ¹Ã' Ã'‚Ð °... prinyeSEEtye, paZHAlusta ПÃ'€Ð ¸Ã ½Ã µÃ' Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µ, Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã °Ã »Ã'Æ'Ð ¹Ã' Ã'‚Ð °, Ð ºÃ ¾Ã'„Ð µ (prinyeSEEtye, paZHAlusta, KOfe) - Could I please have some coffee. Breakfast Ðâ€"Ð °Ã ²Ã'‚Ã'€Ð °Ã º ZAVTrak Ð ¯ Ð ½Ã ¸Ã'‡Ð µÃ ³Ã ¾ Ð ½Ã µ Ð µÃ » Ð ½Ã ° Ð ·Ã °Ã ²Ã'‚Ã'€Ð °Ã º (ya nicheVO nye YEL na ZAVTrak) - I didn't have anything for breakfast/I skipped breakfast. Lunch ОÐ ±Ã µÃ ´ aBYED Ð §Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ð ²Ã'‹ Ð µÃ »Ã ¸ Ð ½Ã ° Ð ¾Ã ±Ã µÃ ´? (SHTO VY YEli na aBYED?) - What did you have for lunch? Dinner Ð £Ã ¶Ã ¸Ã ½ OOzhin ПÃ'€Ð ¸Ã'…Ð ¾Ã ´Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µ Ð ½Ã ° Ã'Æ'Ð ¶Ã ¸Ã ½ (prihaDEEtye na OOzhin) - Come for dinner. Time English Russian Pronunciation Example Now Ð ¡Ã µÃ ¹Ã'‡Ð °Ã'  syCHAS Ð ¡Ã µÃ ¹Ã'‡Ð °Ã'  Ð ¼Ã'‹ Ð ·Ã °Ã ºÃ'€Ã'‹Ã'‚Ã'‹ (syCHAS my zakRYty) - We are closed right now. Later ПÐ ¾Ã ¿Ã ¾Ã ·Ã ¶Ã µ/Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ·Ã ¶Ã µ paPOZHzhe/ POZHzhe ПÃ'€Ð ¸Ã'…Ð ¾Ã ´Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ¿Ã ¾Ã ·Ã ¶Ã µ/Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ·Ã ¶Ã µ (prihaDEEtye paPOZHzhe/POZHzhe) - Come again later/come later. Before ПÐ µÃ'€Ð µÃ ´/Ð ´Ã ¾ PYEred/DOH Ð ¯ Ð ·Ã °Ã ³Ã »Ã' Ã ½Ã'Æ' Ð ¿Ã µÃ'€Ð µÃ ´ Ð ¾Ã'‚Ã'ŠÐ µÃ ·Ã ´Ã ¾Ã ¼ (ya zaglyaNOO PYEred atYEZdum) - I'll come see you before I leave. Tomorrow Ðâ€"Ð °Ã ²Ã'‚Ã'€Ð ° ZAVTra Ðâ€"Ð °Ã ²Ã'‚Ã'€Ð ° Ã' Ã °Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã »Ã'‘Ã'‚ (ZAVTra samaLYOT) - The flight is tomorrow. Yesterday Ð’Ã'‡Ð µÃ'€Ð ° fcheRAH Ð ¢Ã'‹ Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã µÃ » Ð ¸Ã'… Ð ²Ã'‡Ð µÃ'€Ð °? (ty VEEdel EEKH vcheRAH?) - Did you see them yesterday? The day after tomorrow ПÐ ¾Ã' Ã »Ã µÃ ·Ã °Ã ²Ã'‚Ã'€Ð ° posleZAVTra ÐÅ"Ã'‹ Ð ½Ã µ Ã'€Ð °Ã ±Ã ¾Ã'‚Ð °Ã µÃ ¼ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã' Ã »Ã µÃ ·Ã °Ã ²Ã'‚Ã'€Ð ° (my nye raBOtayem posleZAVTra) - We are closed the day after tomorrow. The day before yesterday ПÐ ¾Ã ·Ã °Ã ²Ã'‡Ð µÃ'€Ð ° pazafcheRAH Ð ¯ Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¸Ã »Ã µÃ'‚Ð µÃ »Ã ° Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ·Ã °Ã ²Ã'‡Ð µÃ'€Ð ° (ya prilyeTEla pazafcheRAH) - I flew in the day before yesterday. What time is it? Ð ¡Ã ºÃ ¾Ã »Ã'Å'Ð ºÃ ¾ Ð ²Ã'€Ð µÃ ¼Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸/Ð ºÃ ¾Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'€Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ã'‡Ð °Ã'  SKOL'ka VRYEmeni/kaTOry CHAs Ð’Ã'‹ Ð ½Ã µ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ´Ã' Ã ºÃ °Ã ¶Ã µÃ'‚Ð µ, Ð ºÃ ¾Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'€Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ã'‡Ð °Ã' ? (vy nye padSKAzhytye, kaTOry CHAS?) - Could you tell me what time it is, please? Could you tell me Ð’Ã'‹ Ð ½Ã µ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ´Ã' Ã ºÃ °Ã ¶Ã µÃ'‚Ð µ vy nye padSKAzhytye Ð’Ã'‹ Ð ½Ã µ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ´Ã' Ã ºÃ °Ã ¶Ã µÃ'‚Ð µ, Ð ºÃ °Ã º Ð ´Ã ¾Ã µÃ'…Ð °Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ð ´Ã ¾ Ð ²Ã ¾Ã ºÃ ·Ã °Ã »Ã °? (vy nye padSKAzhyte, kak daYEhat' da vakZAla?) - Could you tell me how to get to the train station, please? When КÐ ¾Ã ³Ã ´Ã ° kagDAH КÐ ¾Ã ³Ã ´Ã ° Ð ¾Ã'‚Ð ¿Ã'€Ð °Ã ²Ã »Ã' Ã µÃ'‚Ã' Ã'  Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã µÃ ·Ã ´? (kagDA atpravLYAyetsa POyezd?) - When does the train leave? This evening Ð ¡Ã µÃ ³Ã ¾Ã ´Ã ½Ã'  Ð ²Ã µÃ'‡Ð µÃ'€Ð ¾Ã ¼ syVODnya VYEcheruhm Ð ¡Ã µÃ ³Ã ¾Ã ´Ã ½Ã'  Ð ²Ã µÃ'‡Ð µÃ'€Ð ¾Ã ¼ Ð ±Ã ¸Ã »Ã µÃ'‚Ð ¾Ã ² Ð ½Ã µ Ð ±Ã'Æ'Ð ´Ã µÃ'‚ (syVODnya VYEcheruhm biLYEtav nye BOOdet) - There will be no tickets this evening. This morning Ð ¡Ã µÃ ³Ã ¾Ã ´Ã ½Ã'  Ã'Æ'Ã'‚Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¼ syVODnya OOtrum Ð ¯ Ð ·Ã °Ã ±Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ½Ã ¸Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ²Ã °Ã » Ð ºÃ ¾Ã ¼Ã ½Ã °Ã'‚Ã'Æ' Ã' Ã µÃ ³Ã ¾Ã ´Ã ½Ã'  Ã'Æ'Ã'‚Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¼ (ya zabraNEEraval KOMnatu syVODnya OOtrum) - I made a room reservation this morning. General Conversation English Russian Pronunciation Example No problem/that's all right Ð Ã ¸Ã'‡Ð µÃ ³Ã ¾ Ð ½Ã ¸Ã'‡Ð µÃ ³Ã ¾, Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã °Ã »Ã'Æ'Ð ¹Ã' Ã'‚Ð ° nicheVO nicheVO, paZHAlusta Ð Ã ¸Ã'‡Ð µÃ ³Ã ¾, Ð ½Ã ¸Ã'‡Ð µÃ ³Ã ¾, Ð ½Ã µ Ð ±Ã µÃ' Ã ¿Ã ¾Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ¹Ã'‚Ð µÃ' Ã'Å' (nicheVO nicheVO, nye bespaKOYtyes') - No problem, don't worry about it. No problem, no worries Ð Ã ¸Ã'‡Ð µÃ ³Ã ¾ Ã' Ã'‚Ã'€Ð °Ã'ˆÐ ½Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¾ nicheVO STRASHnava Ð Ã ¸Ã'‡Ð µÃ ³Ã ¾ Ã' Ã'‚Ã'€Ð °Ã'ˆÐ ½Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¾, Ð ²Ã' Ã µ Ð ¾Ã ±Ã ¾Ã'ˆÐ »Ã ¾Ã' Ã'Å' (nicheVO STRASHnava, VSYO abashLOS') - No worries, everything was fine in the end. Thank you Ð ¡Ã ¿Ã °Ã' Ã ¸Ã ±Ã ¾ spaSEEba Ð ¡Ã ¿Ã °Ã' Ã ¸Ã ±Ã ¾ Ð ·Ã ° Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¸Ã ³Ã »Ã °Ã'ˆÐ µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã µ (spaSEEba za priglaSHEniye) - Thank you for inviting me. You're welcome ПÐ ¾Ã ¶Ã °Ã »Ã'Æ'Ð ¹Ã' Ã'‚Ð ° paZHAlusta ДÐ ° Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã °Ã »Ã'Æ'Ð ¹Ã' Ã'‚Ð ° (da paZHAlusta) - You're very welcome. Please ПÐ ¾Ã ¶Ã °Ã »Ã'Æ'Ð ¹Ã' Ã'‚Ð ° paZHAlusta ПÐ ¾Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µ Ð ¼Ã ½Ã µ, Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã °Ã »Ã'Æ'Ð ¹Ã' Ã'‚Ð ° (pamaGHEEtye mnye, paZHAlusta) - Help me, please. What's your name (formal)? КÐ °Ã º Ð ²Ã °Ã'  Ð ·Ã ¾Ã ²Ã'Æ'Ã'‚? kakVAS zaVOOT? ПÃ'€Ð ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã'‚Ð µ, Ð ºÃ °Ã º Ð ²Ã °Ã'  Ð ·Ã ¾Ã ²Ã'Æ'Ã'‚? (prasTEEtye, kak VAS zaVOOT?) - Excuse me, what's your name? (polite) What's your name (informal) КÐ °Ã º Ã'‚Ð µÃ ±Ã'  Ð ·Ã ¾Ã ²Ã'Æ'Ã'‚? kak tyBYA zaVOOT? Ð  Ð ºÃ °Ã º Ã'‚Ð µÃ ±Ã'  Ð ·Ã ¾Ã ²Ã'Æ'Ã'‚ (a kak tyBYA zaVOOT?) - So what's your name? (casual) My name is ÐÅ"Ð µÃ ½Ã'  Ð ·Ã ¾Ã ²Ã'Æ'Ã'‚ myNYA zaVOOT ÐÅ"Ð µÃ ½Ã'  Ð ·Ã ¾Ã ²Ã'Æ'Ã'‚ ÐÅ"Ð °Ã ¹Ã'  (meNYA zaVOOT MAia) - My name is Maia Help me ПÐ ¾Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µ/Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µ Ð ¼Ã ½Ã µ pamaGHEEtye/ pamaGHEEtye MNYE ПÐ ¾Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µ Ð ¼Ã ½Ã µ Ã'  Ã'‡Ð µÃ ¼Ã ¾Ã ´Ã °Ã ½Ã °Ã ¼Ã ¸ (pamaGHEEtye mnye s chymaDAnami) - Help me with the bags, please. I don't understand Ð ¯ Ð ½Ã µ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ½Ã ¸Ã ¼Ã °Ã'Ž ya nye paniMAyu Ð ¯ Ð ½Ã ¸Ã'‡Ð µÃ ³Ã ¾ Ð ½Ã µ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ½Ã ¸Ã ¼Ã °Ã'Ž (ja nicheVO nye paniMAyu) - I don't understand anything at all. I don't speak Russian Ð ¯ Ð ½Ã µ Ð ³Ã ¾Ã ²Ã ¾Ã'€Ã'Ž Ð ¿Ã ¾-Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ã' Ã' Ã ºÃ ¸ ya nye gavaRYU pa-ROOSki ИÐ ·Ã ²Ã ¸Ã ½Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µ, Ã'  Ð ½Ã µ Ð ³Ã ¾Ã ²Ã ¾Ã'€Ã'Ž Ð ¿Ã ¾-Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ã' Ã' Ã ºÃ ¸ (eezveeNEEtye, ya nye gavaRYU pa ROOSky) - I'm sorry but I don't speak Russian.

Should Marijuana Be Legalized - 1082 Words

Legalization of Marijuana Marijuana has always been a major topic on War on Drugs, either to let it stay illegal or to decide whether to legalize it. Marijuana can give off deadly or fatal actions that could to harm toward the user or those around the user. While also marijuana can be a help to the economic problems that America faces today. The Hawaii State Government should legalize marijuana because it is a non-addictive substance, it has the potential to increase tax revenue, and there are medical benefits to its use. Most Americans today believe that marijuana is a very addictive and dangerous drug that should not be legalized. â€Å"During 1992, marijuana arrests rose from 28 percent to the total of 45 percent within 10 years. While†¦show more content†¦Coming to the late 1980’s, â€Å"the increasing emphasis on marijuana enforcement was accompanied by a dramatic rise in overall drug arrests, fewer than 1.1 million in 1990 to more than 1.5 million a decade lat er† (Balko Para 4). The majority of the Americans believe that the use of marijuana can help citizens with medical problems. Dr. Robert Morris, associate professor of criminology at University of Texas at Dallas states, â€Å"The findings on the relationship between violence and marijuana use are mixed and much of the evidence points toward reductions in violent behavior for those who smoke marijuana† (Ferner Para 8). The National Academy of sciences found that in chronic marijuana users, THC, the active ingredient in pot, actually causes a decrease in aggressive and violent behavior. A separate study in the journal of Addictive Behaviors noted, â€Å"alcohol is clearly the drug with the most evidence to support a direct intoxication-violence relationship,† and that â€Å"cannabis reduces likelihood of violence during intoxication† (Drewes Para 5). However, others believe that the effect of marijuana can cause deadly behavior. One of the statistics that is significant since the introduction of medical marijuana in Hawaii is the percentage of drivers involved in fatal crashes that tested positive for THC. Since

Contemporary Issue In Hotel Industry

Question: Explanation of whose interests and what interests are served by the assertions made by author. Explain the values that underpin the reasoning. Answer: Introduction In the previous twenty-five years, hotel industry has been gripped the most essential element that actually has positive effect on the development. In the concept regarding modern high-flying marketing strategies, branding is considered as the most imperative factor as the top-notch industries have realized the worth of it. This is the most developed section of hospitality industry that is basically dependent on the pillar of first-rate services. Like various major industries, the base of hotel industry is about the notion of demand and supply and its inevitability. Everybody is quite acquainted with the hotel industrys theory of demand and supply and that is essentially focused on the idea of a place, where customers come to stay, stopover, eat as well as visit alone or with families or friends or colleagues and others. (Kandampully Suhartanto, 2000) However, there are many contemporary issues that actually are connected with the service and function of hotels which is the subject of this research. There are clear-cut theories as well as implied theories related to the present-day questions on the topic of operation of hotel industry (Torres Kline, 2006). Standard of a hotel is determined by the branding factor: The key points that are related with branding are more like assumptions and these assumptions are useful to study the diverse and multiple elements of hotel industry. These are the fundamentals for the ultimate development of a hotel. The first assumption is an imperative one and it is about satisfying payment in the different sectors of hotel industry. Several organizations decline to go along with this fact of lesser attempt regarding expenses. The second assumption on the subject of the present-day issue of hotel industry is a crucial one and that is about adequate standardization and efficiency which is recognized in the management system of existing companies. The third assumption is about carelessness and nil opportunity towards the potential employees who are actually beginners. The forth theory is about acceptable and top-quality internet facilities. These are just assumption which could be either logical or illogical, but one thing is certain about these assumptions and that is these are not just assumptions for which it should be discussed and challenged, these are more like components for the development of the marketing strategies related to the hotel industry and by critically analyzing it, the pros, the aces of this industry can bring revolutionary changes by implementing the positive and logical aspects that come out of the research (Botti, Briec Cliquet, 2009) Better salary is equal to encouragement The thinking is a deep-rooted one and as a result, it is not considered as an attempt of offering lower salaries and operations with low costs. But, the truth is that many organizations just refuse to go along with it and because of it the salary gap is rising between the hotel industry and other industries. All of the organizers are focusing on the way of life, customs and cultures as well as perfection in creativity related to the industry, but the thing is that it is a world full of paradox; things always dont go in harmony with the approaching views of the people. If the initial amount of salary is not good, then there is a chance of a scenario with potential members of staff quitting their jobs related to hotel industry. There are many departments such as- human resource, marketing, food beverages etc, where opportunities are very high. Apart from these industries, there are other eminent industries that are thriving speedily, where the aspirants are willing to try their luck a nd it is because of the huge opportunities in those sectors. However, this particular point isnt the concrete reason for people getting away from the hotel industry. The main aspect is- greater remuneration and other incentives. Top firms like- Google has implemented this component and got unrivaled benefits by just better salary packages. According to the Maslows hierarchy, which is based on the needs of employees, rewards are the motivator and instigative elements by which people take the firms to the zenith at initial stages of their careers. (Zhang Wu, 2004). The several policies regarding remuneration for the employees in hotel industry should be developed and automatically the behavior of the staffs will perk up. In addition to it, the firm has to give equal attention to all its employees and induce the importance of company objective within their minds and after that achievements will not be out of hand. Success rate will automatically boost up and this vision can be achieved by proper incentive plans along with sharing of revenue in the form of bonus. Benefits of Remuneration and why is it important Leading organizations are at the peak positions and the key to their success is that they always try to understand their employees and think that employees are the most important variable without which success cant be imagined at all. Therefore, the hotel industry should also widen and develop the long-established policies for employee rewards according to their skills, inputs towards growth of the company and many more. (Baum, Amoah Spivack, 1997) The management systems and defect in the system The most common problem in hotel industry and even top organizations encounter it very often. However, when this problem occurs in between other problems in a row, it gets more and more difficult towards companys sustainability. Therefore, blind belief towards management systems is an imperfect approach and an unambiguous system of management will present the prime objective of the companies to the staffs in a logical manner. Thats why it is an explicit assumption. Payment issues are very common in hotel industry but progressively it gets more challenging and the management systems get shattered. (Chan Ho, 2006) New approach by branching out Status is one of the major factor that effects sustainability straight. So, the main power of a company is its brand name that no one can run off with. Thus, top companies diversify through the same brand name and extend their branches beyond the main part and they get succeed, because they know the gravity of branching out. By implementing it, they put together new plans of improvement and spend funds according to the plan. They dont hesitate whether it is the amount in million or billion. Ultimately it will benefit the company and take part in the development process. (Barron, 2008) Promotion should be given emphasis No requirement of any sort of encouragement or promotions should be offered to the employees. This assumption is very much wrong and its clear-cut and explicit. Close connection gets originated and gradually get strengthened between the experienced employees and the employees who linked with the company in the early days of establishment. By this, new employees get discouraged and progress of the company gets dawdled. It can be corrected by providing fair opportunities to all the employees and equity will take companies to the distinguished standing. (Cho, Woods, Jang Erdem, 2006) Stay connect 24*7 to the internet The forth assumption is about there is nothing to worry about a top-quality internet connection if you belong to the hotel industry. The implied assumption can be derived from the concept of hotels of lower class with no internet connection or very poor ones and hotels of higher class with advanced internet facilities. Relevancy of the companys services and products increases with the increase in results at top search engines and it is the basic component or a ladder towards quick development. The efficacy of search engines is perfectly illustrated by Google who has exemplary success in all the industries across the globe. (Law Jogaratnam, 2005) Modern computer and web application By implementation of cloud computing to the hotel industries for remarkable improvement, this assumption can be proved wrong. It is meaningless if people think there is no use of hardware and software in the business of hotels. Everybody is surrounded by computers and internet in this era and it can be observed in all the sectors. Through clod computing, any type of data can be accessible at anywhere and anytime with help of the finest internet connection facility and it has more reasonable benefits with clear vision. (Bilgihan, Okumus Kwun, 2011). Coordination is necessary The most imperative element is customer satisfaction and it is not only in the hotel industry but also in all over the hospitality industry. Customers nowadays are very sophisticated according to the modern technologies and the hotel industry thinks about the traditional approach. So, this thinking should be changed by which the challenge can be completed in near future. The industry has to come to the position of zenith by modern and up-to-date technology as customers procedures of research, feedback and other things are a part of technology now. The obstacles by natural misfortunes Tragedies happen and it cant be avoided and for this these are called mishaps. These are like a distress part of human beings and these are inevitable in nature. In the previous years, more natural disasters have occurred. So, the assumption regarding no effect from any sort of calamities is wrong. The impact of these catastrophes can affect the economic condition of the hotel industry. So, it is advised by the professionals to take necessary protection measures and primarily choose the safest location to which tourists will come with no risk in their minds. Other challenging reasons in the form of growing sector The budding nature of condo hotels is an alarming issue and by this issue, alternative ownership has been evolved. It is very tight spot for the lenders, management authorities and teams, owners and other developers. The financial coverage of the developers has got reduced by the alternative ownership process. The management issues regarding hotel industry has started off the rapidly increasing nature of condos and it has become very challenging for the employees of the established hotels to compete with them. Renovation takes lots of money; likewise for maintenance also the industry needs more and more money and due to the policies made by their own it gets difficult to manage the whole framework. Suggestion The hospitality industries are always dependent on the questions of reputation and reputation of a hotel is recognized by the customers naturally if the services will be first-class. The implication of the components regarding marketing strategies should not be undervalued and implemented wholeheartedly and the outcomes in the future will be outstanding for sure. (Lewis McCann, 2004). Other options: When there is a question of other options, then the first thing that should be appeared in the mind is that- Do the alternatives have equal results to the improvement of the organizations as that of the primary components? Or Will it more advantageous for the firm in the end? Is it cost effective or not? Etc. There are no possible alternative with similar conclusion as the above-mentioned elements can facilitate to your organization (Su, 2004). Conclusion The issues regarding the hotel industry is unsettled and unpredictable. New challenges with lots of new theories are evolved to the front of giants of this industry. The variable nature of modern issues regarding the market strategy and branding of a hotel has formulated a competitive edge in the entire industry. Moreover, the fundamental difficulties can be easily solved by the four major components of branding and founders cant just rely on the conventional assumptions and expect progress of the own volition. Thinking out of the box, implementing creative and excellent strategies that are productive in nature helps out with a better tomorrow for the organizations. (Tepeci, 1999). References 1. Kandampully, J., Suhartanto, D. (2000). Customer loyalty in the hotel industry: the role of customer satisfaction and image.International journal of contemporary hospitality management,12(6), 346-351. 2. Botti, L., Briec, W., Cliquet, G. (2009). Plural forms versus franchise and company-owned systems: a DEA approach of hotel chain performance.Omega,37(3), 566-578. 3. Olsen, M. D., Roper, A. (1998). Research in strategic management in the hospitality industry.International Journal of Hospitality Management,17(2), 111-124. 4. Torres, E. N., Kline, S. (2006). From satisfaction to delight: a model for the hotel industry.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,18(4), 290-301. 5.Zhang, H. Q., Wu, E. (2004). Human resources issues facing the hotel and travel industry in China.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality 6. Management,16(7), 424-428.Lucas, R. E. (1995).Managing employee relations in the hotel and catering industry. Cassell plc. 7. Baum, T., Amoah, V., Spivack, S. (1997). Policy dimensions of human resource management in the tourism and hospitality industries.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,9(5/6), 221-229. 8. Chan, W. W., Ho, K. (2006). Hotels' environmental management systems (ISO 14001): creative financing strategy.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,18(4), 302-316. 9. Law, R., Jogaratnam, G. (2005). A study of hotel information technology applications.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,17(2), 170-180. 10. Barron, P. (2008). Education and talent management: implications for the hospitality industry.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,20(7), 730-742. 11. Cho, S., Woods, R. H., Jang, S., Erdem, M. (2006). Measuring the impact of human resource management practices on hospitality firms performances.International Journal of Hospitality Management,25(2), 262-277. 12. Gustafson, C. M. (2002). Employee turnover: a study of private clubs in the USA.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,14(3), 106-113. 13. Law, R., Jogaratnam, G. (2005). A study of hotel information technology applications.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,17(2), 170-180. 14. Dwivedi, M., Shibu, T. P., Venkatesh, U. (2007). Social software practices on the internet: implications for the hotel industry.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,19(5), 415-426. 15. Bilgihan, A., Okumus, F., Kwun, D. J. W. (2011). Information technology applications and competitive advantage in hotel companies.Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology,2(2), 139-153. 16. Su, A. Y. L. (2004). Customer satisfaction measurement practice in Taiwan hotels.International Journal of Hospitality Management,23(4), 397-408. 17. Lewis, B. R., McCann, P. (2004). Service failure and recovery: evidence from the hotel industry.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,16(1), 6-17. 18. Tepeci, M. (1999). Increasing brand loyalty in the hospitality industry.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,11(5), 223-230.

Role of Design in Vestas Wind Systems

Vestas Wind Systems A/S is a large company based in Denmark that develops wind turbine systems as a sustainable power generation option. The renewable energy industry is becoming more important with time because of the need to develop sustainable power options.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Design in Vestas Wind Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Design can play a very important role in creating and sustaining competitive advantage for any business. This hypothesis informed the investigation into how Vestas Wind Systems A/S deals with its environmental pressures in an effort to remain competitive. This paper explores the place and the role of design in the company’s business processes. Methodology Analytical tools are widely used in business process management to provide theoretical models to help business managers in decision making. This paper will use five analytical tools to determine t he importance of design to Vestas Wind Systems A/C. The analytical tools chosen for this purpose are PEST Analysis, SWOT Analysis, Porter’s Five Forces Analysis, the McKinsey 7s Framework, and the GE-McKinsey Matrix. The findings from the application of these analytical tools to the operations of Vestas will provide the basis for a discussion that will examine various facets of design as practiced in the company. Findings An analysis of the business operations based on the analytical tools described above led to various findings. This section deals with the findings that accrued from the application of each of the analytical tools. PEST Analysis Table 1 below summarises the environmental factors surrounding the design operations of Vestas. Environmental Factors Political There is increasing political support for renewable energy as a means of achieving energy security. The increasing disquiet with oil, especially in regards to environmental destruction is making oil po litically challenging to defend. Economic The economic climate is tilted in favour of job creators, and the renewable energy sector is one of the sectors currently creating jobs Energy security is a key component of economic security, hence the interest in the development of wind energy systems Social Wind power is widely accepted as a green source of power There is an increasing interest in collaborative design enabled by the emergence of collaborative technologies based in the internet Technological The advances in computing and software applications are making engineering design and process design easier to manage. Table 1: PEST AnalysisAdvertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More SWOT Analysis A SWOT Analysis focuses on the inherent qualities of a business that have an influence on its internal and external performance. The SWOT Analysis for Vestas is presente d in Table 2. SWOT Analysis Strength Vestas is an internationally recognized brand, with operations in more than 70 countries Vestas operated the largest RD laboratories in the entire global wind energy sector Vestas has a presence in many countries, giving the company an advantage in terms of local knowledge Weakness Vestas has a weaker management (less visible) compared to rivals such as GE Opportunities The company is strategically positioned in the emerging wind power sector, since it is the most dominant player in that market Vestas has the ability to access markets in many countries based on local knowledge The company has the opportunity to access new innovative personnel from emerging economies Threats There is growing competition from manufacturers in China, America, and Germany There is increasing pressure from environmental groups keen to reverse the visual impact of wind turbines, and death of birds. There are increasing design challenges associa ted with increasing frequency of severe weather Table 2: SWOT Analysis Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Porter’s Five Forces Analysis is ideal for analysing the competitiveness of a company in its business environment. Table 3 shows Porter’s Five Forces Analysis for Vestas. Force Analysis Supplier power The tools and software used by Vestas to design wind turbine systems are available in the open market, where Vestas is not the only consumer. Information on wind system design is available to the open market. Buyer power Buyers of wind power systems can choose from several manufacturers, depending on the performance specifications they need Competitive rivalry Vestas is in competition with other wind power firms such as GE (American), Sinovel (Chinese), Goldwind (Chinese) and Enercom (German), for market share Vestas is still the market leader with more that 12 percent market share of the global wind market. Threat of substitution Wind power in some cases can be substituted by all the other forms of energy such as solar power and hydropower. Threat of new entrants New players, especially from China are joining the wind power business because of strong government incentives. Table 3: Porter’s Five Forces Analysis The McKinsey 7s Framework Table 4 below shows the results of the analysis based on the McKinsey 7s Framework. Elements 7s-Framework Analysis Hard elements Strategy The strategy by Vestas is to use design as a tool for positioning itself for stronger business performance Structure The RD division is headed by a VP for RD. Most of the staff members in the division are research and development professionals from many fields including engineers, hydrologists, geologists and meteorologists. Systems The company has well developed reporting lines governing RD activities Shared values The company believes in the centrality of innovation and research as a source of competitive advantag e Soft elements Style The leadership style of the organization is collaborative. However, most strategic business decisions are made or approved in the company’s headquarters located in Denmark. Staff The company has multicultural staff in all its offices located in various parts of the world Skills The most valued skills in the company are engineering and design skills. However, the company has many other professionals whose work boosts the RD initiatives in the company. Table 4: The McKinsey 7s Framework The GE-McKinsey MatrixAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Design in Vestas Wind Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The GE-McKinsey Matrix locates the position of a strategic business unit (SBU) along two axes. The first axis is the market attractiveness of the SBU while the second one is the strength of the SBU. Each of the axes has three levels, which results in a total of nine poss ible positions for the SBU under review. The market attractiveness of the RD division at Vestas is high. It is a source of competitive advantage for the company because of its rich tradition in wind technology design. On the other hand, this SBU is also rated as high on the GE-McKinsey Matrix. The strategic implication is that the company should invest more resources in this SBU to ensure that it reaps maximum benefits from the unit. Discussion The above analysis provided the material needed to discuss the role of design at Vestas. The discussion covers four areas of interest. Reasons that Persuaded Vestas to Focus on Design The management of Vestas chose to focus on design as a central aspect of the business for several reasons. The first reason is the realization that the company is working in a high growth sector. In the recent years, the price of wind systems has been on the decrease because of technological improvements driven by research. On the other hand demand for wind gene rators is on the rise because of the increasing interest in clean energy. The net effect is that the RD division in Vestas finds itself in a segment where the market is expanding and the business strength of the design division is also increasing. The second reason that drove Vestas to make RD a critical component of its activities is the unexplored potential of wind power generation. Until recently, research on wind power generation focussed on a narrow range of parameters that promised the highest energy yields. Wind power companies focused on developing systems that could meet high power generation demands for their systems to make economic sense to customers. As the cost of making wind machines reduced, the opportunities for developing wind machines for use in areas with lower yields increased. Now there is a need to develop wind generators that can produce power in areas with lower yields because it is becoming economically viable to deploy such systems.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thirdly, Vestas realised that R D is a strong source of competitive advantage for the company. Denmark has a very rich engineering tradition in regards the development of wind power machines. It has a long history of using wind generators for power generation. Vestas has always been part of this tradition. In addition, Vestas has the largest wind power technology laboratories in the world. As such, the company has the infrastructure to do better than its competition in RD. The fourth reason underlying the choice by Vestas to focus on design is that wind power is competing with other renewable sources of energy for dominance. The operating environment for the wind power industry is identical in several ways to the operating environment for the solar power industry. If the wind power generation sector fails to address some of the challenges it faces, then it may be relegated to second place. How Vestas Manages Design Design management at Vestas has three aspects. First, design refers to the activities of the R D division within the company. This division develops new technologies and it improves existing technologies by deploying research professionals from various fields. In this regard, Vestas is dedicated to the development of advanced wind generation systems to meet the rising demand for more efficient with power systems. The company’s rich tradition in wind research is a strong source of competitive advantage in this regard. The data accumulated by the company over many years of operations makes its RD division very influential in the industry. Secondly, Vestas is always working on new ways of redesigning its business model to take advantage of the emerging business opportunities. This is an application of design thinking that requires practitioners to remain adaptable to new conditions. The company has a well managed service division that handles the installation and servicing of wind power systems. This ensures that Vestas wind machines are install ed with the same care and precision as their design and manufacture. The implication of the company’s growing number of clients is that Vestas needs to expand its service capacity because many more clients will need access to those services. The third area of design management at Vestas is the design of business processes to support the organization’s expanding business. Vestas has installed in excess of 25,000 wind turbines across the world. These machines are all data collection points for Vestas. The data collected helps to improve the design of future machines under various operating conditions. Similarly, the company’s service division services all the wind power systems installed by the company. The implication is that the service business unit within Vestas needs redesign to meet the emerging needs of the clients. One of the considerations made by the design team when scheduling the servicing operations is wind availability. Servicing operations take adva ntage of seasons with little or no wind to ensure that the downtime is as little as possible. This helps to maximise the overall yield of the wind turbines. How Vestas Integrates Design into its Activities The integration of design thinking into business activities is a delicate process. Design thinking requires a constant commitment to change, which is very difficult to maintain in large organizations such as Vestas. However, the company has managed to integrate design thinking into many of its business activities. First, design is well integrated into the RD division of the company. This is because the company understands that it is in a high-growth industry segment that requires a strong commitment to RD just to survive. Vestas has made RD a central component of its operations because of the role it plays in the development and sustenance of competitive advantage in the industry. This commitment to RD activities helps Vestas to retain leadership in wind power technology. Vestas i s also very good at integrating design in its operations. The fact that the company has a presence in more than 70 counties proves that it has given thought to conducting business in a globalised environment. This is a demonstration of design thinking in the company. The success the company currently enjoying is the result of its dedication towards developing a global footprint for all its products. In other words, the company is designing itself to achieve market dominance. The third area that demonstrates how Vestas integrates design thinking into its activities is in marketing management. The marketing of Vestas products aims at presenting the company as an international brand, based on the rich Danish legacy of wind technology. The company brands itself as an entity that understands the priorities in the industry and the needs of its customers. The website of the company features various videos made by top employees to gain the trust of its international customers. One of the ar eas in which the company has not integrated design thinking well enough is in the operations of its headquarters. The company is not as assertive in terms of central communication from its headquarters. This is in contrast to its competitors such as GE that have worked hard to remain in the headlines. The disadvantage of this is that it sells the company short in terms of the PR message given to potential clients. The company needs to infuse design thinking into the management of central communication from its headquarters. Contributions of Design in the Activities of Vestas The main contributions of design in the activities of the company are as follows. First, the company has developed a strong brand name in the wind power industry. Its dedication to design gives it the reputation of a firm dedicated to the development of wind power resources across the world. This reputation is the result of making design a central part of the activities of the company. Secondly, focus on design has ensured that the company keeps developing high quality products. Wind power generation systems are very cost intensive projects for many clients. Therefore, the quality of the equipment and services rendered after the initial purchase is important for customers. Vestas is one of the market leaders in terms of product quality. This is a direct result of the commitment to design. The third area where the company has enjoyed the benefits of design is in market positioning. The company has used design as its unique source of competitive advantage. Its promotional materials focus on design as the central strength of the company. This has ensured that potential consumers are aware that the market leader in terms of wind power design is Vestas. This form of positioning, coupled with a solid investment in design laboratories and design professionals, makes Vestas stand out in the wind power segment. The fourth contribution of design to the company is that it has given the company the ab ility to respond to customer needs. The company collects data from the 25,000 installed machines that help it to feel the needs of its client, and also to improve the designs for its wind power systems. Finally, the company’s intention to retain leadership in the wind power sector comes from its investment and continued commitment to design. As long as the company keeps on increasing the capacity of its design laboratories, and retaining the best talent in regards to wind design, the company will retain market leadership. Reference List Acher, J 2011, China Narrows Gap on Wind Leaders Vestas. Web. Dalal, S 2007, Creativity And Innovation Driving Business, Creativity Innovation Books, Mumbai. Harvard Business School 2005, Strategy: Create and Implement the Best Strategy for Your Business, Harvard Business Press, Boston, MA. Jones, MA 2008, The Innovation Acid Test: Growth Through Design and Differentiation, Triarchy Press, Axminster. Montgomery, CA Porter, ME 1991, Strategy: Seeking and Securing Competitive Advantage, Havard Business Press, Boston MA. Porter, ME 1998, Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, Simon and Schuster, New York. Pratali, P 2003, ‘Strategic Management of Technological Innovations in the Small to Medium Enterprise’, European Journal of Innovation Management, vol 6, no. 1, pp. 18-31. Sahu, RK 2009, Performance Management System, Excel Books, New Delhi. Verganti, R 2009, Design-Driven Innovation: Changing the Rules of Competition by Radically Innovating What Things Mean, Harvard Business Publishing, Boston, MA. Vestas 2013, New Business Model. Web. Walker, G 2004, Modern Competitive Strategy, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, New York, NY. This essay on Role of Design in Vestas Wind Systems was written and submitted by user Cuck00 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Teaching English as a Foreign Language in Kuwait

Introduction The Kuwaiti government has introduced a policy that seeks to provide equal education opportunities to all children. As such, the country’s leadership is promoting the English language to sustain its growth and development (Zheng 2009).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Teaching English as a Foreign Language in Kuwait specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The rationale underpinning this strategy is that English has become the Lingua Franca of the contemporary world (Pajeres 2013). The Ministry of Education has mandated its institution of higher education and schools to teach English as a Foreign Language (EFL). The purpose of this goal is to enhance the proficiency and competencies of English at every level of education (Nizonkiza 2011). The findings from a recent study have shown that the majority of Kuwaiti students are incapable of communicating efficiently in English once they transition from the primary classes (Karathanos 2009). According to Pajeres (2013), these students are weak in both written and spoken English once they transition from the elementary classes. This state of incompetence has raised questions over the incapacity of teachers to provide adequate instruction. Nizonkiza (2011) has examined the manner in which Kuwait trains its English instructors. The aim of this research was to explore the association between the beliefs of teachers and the intake of vocabulary. The pursuit of the previous objective entailed answering the following research questions:Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More How do primary school teachers in Kuwait perceive the vocabulary teaching in their content area? Are the teachers’ beliefs about vocabulary teaching in harmony with the current research on lexicon instruction and development? Are the teaching practices am ong Kuwaiti primary school teachers sufficient to facilitate vocabulary intake? Do the teachers transmit vocabulary knowledge using techniques that encourage both active learning and processing? The preceding discussions have laid the foundation for the study by highlighting the need to explore teachers’ beliefs. The second part of this report will provide a brief review of the literature on the same subject matter. The methodology section will identify the approaches that the researcher used to collect and analyse raw data. The fourth section will outline the primary findings of the research. The final section will discuss the principal findings from the study, which will include implications for practice and a conclusion. Literature Review The worldviews and perceptions of teachers influence the delivery of education content significantly (Ezzi 2012; Teik 2011; Wright 2010). The teachers’ beliefs about foreign language teaching and learning have elicited a lot of in terest among researchers in the area of language acquisition. One of the areas that have received significant attention is the influence of teachers’ beliefs on classroom practices (Wright 2010). For instance, Ezzi (2012) has found out that most teachers have clear theoretical assumptions that have a direct effect on their preferred teaching techniques. Individual beliefs and attitudes are very powerful in predicting the manner in which teachers behave in the classroom (Pajares 2013). In addition, Barnard and Scampton (2008) have indicated that these components determine how people conceptualise and solve problems. Leno and Dougherty (2007) have asserted that the tutors’ perceptions about the teaching or learning process ascertain whether students will succeed or fail to master a foreign language. Ghaffarzadeh (2012b) has noted that attitudes constitute a central construct, which defines human behaviour. According to Yan (2009), these beliefs influence attitudes, polic ies, techniques and learners’ development.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Teaching English as a Foreign Language in Kuwait specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A large body of studies conducted over the past two decades focused more on learning beliefs and self-efficacy (Brand Wilkins 2007; Ezzi 2012). The recent investigations have explored pedagogical ideas to find out if teachers have similar or different viewpoints. For instance, Zheng (2009) has suggested that novice teachers often view teaching as the process of transmitting information to passive learners directly. Barnard and Scampton (2008) have indicated that the multiplicity of attitudes among teachers affects instructional strategies and classroom management practices. Methodology The study included five teachers from a primary school in Kuwait. The researcher had intended to interview ten teachers but only five volunteered to participa te in the study. One of the teachers was responsible for coordinating literacy instruction based on the school’s policy guidelines. The others were teaching English as a Foreign Language between grades one and five. The head teacher approved the research but was not available for the interview because of official duties. Research Design and Approach This study adopted the descriptive research design to map the terrain for exploring the phenomenon of interest. The descriptive study design was also essential to identify the associations between the teachers’ perceptions and vocabulary intake. On the other hand, the research employed the quantitative approach to examining the beliefs and attitudes of the primary school teachers objectively. The choice of the quantitative methodology facilitated the development of a well-conceptualized research process.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Data Collection Techniques The research used a mixed-method approach to gathering crucial information. The rationale behind this strategy was to triangulate the research findings. Firstly, the participants completed a written questionnaire. The survey contained multiple questions using the five Likert scale items. The Likert rating scale was essential to measure the frequency with which the teachers were employing different English instruction strategies. Each of the participants responded to a set of questions that assessed how they were using different instructional techniques. Secondly, the researcher also used semi-structured face-to-face interviews to validate the information generated from the survey. The open-ended questions were necessary to seek supplementary insights through further probing. In addition, this strategy was crucial to seek clarifications in the case of vague answers. The interviews took place in a private room once the participants were through with their cl asses. The interview schedule contained questions that evaluated the teachers’ level of training, self-efficacy and beliefs. Finally, the researcher observed the teachers as they provided English instruction in the classroom. The formal teacher observation during the English lessons was critical to determine classroom practices. This technique was also crucial to validate the findings using first-hand information. The researcher sought the consent of the teachers prior to using any of these techniques. Data Analysis Strategies The quantitative data from the questionnaires and interviews has been analysed using the SPSS software. The SPSS outputs generated charts and frequency tables to make sense of the raw data. The face-to-face interviews provided qualitative data, which has been organized under three themes. The first category will provide information about the teachers’ scope of training in English instruction, including the instructional techniques. The second and third groups deal with the issues of self-efficacy and beliefs respectively. It is imperative to note that this analysis is based on the participants’ individual responses. Results Demographic Data The five teachers included in the research were of the female gender. The teachers had different years of experience in English instruction (Figure 1). The number of years ranged between 4 and 10 with a mean of 6.4 years. The participants were teaching in different grades although all of them have taught in grades one to five. The figure above illustrates the teachers’ years of experience in teaching English at a primary school level. The analysis indicated that the participants’ level of confidence increased with the number of years. This trend was evident in their teaching practices and approaches. For example, Teacher A was more adept at using the modelling technique compared to the other teachers. The Scope of Training The scope of training emerged as a one of t he critical components influencing classroom instruction and practices. Four teachers were native Kuwaitis while the remaining one was of a mixed race (British-Kuwaiti). It was essential to find out if these teachers had received any formal instruction in English. The British-Kuwaiti was more skilled in English because she started learning the language before enrolling in school. On the other hand, three teachers commenced English classes at the age of ten. The remaining teacher did not learn English until the time she was in the 12th grade. In addition, three teachers (A, B and D) did not receive training on how to teach vocabulary while studying at the University. For example, Teacher D majored in translation and linguistics. The other two teachers (C and E) received formal training at the University. These facts were explored further by asking the participants to rate their vocabulary knowledge on a scale of 1-5 (Figure 2). Figure 2 illustrates the self-rated scores about the te achers’ vocabulary knowledge with a mean score was 4.1. The three teachers who had the highest rating (above 4.5) also felt that their teaching techniques were useful. The teachers were asked if they required additional training in vocabulary instruction (Figure 3). Three teachers underscored the need to undergo further training in vocabulary while two opposed the idea. Teacher E was receptive to continuous education because of the need to learn the modern and sophisticated models of pedagogy. Teacher D was adamant about further education although she felt that this was a good suggestion.The teachers were then required to identify the areas of vocabulary instruction that they find to be more difficult (Figure 4). The majority of the teachers (60%) found it more challenging to teach abstract words. Teacher B was finding it more difficult to learn pronunciation and meanings. On the other hand, two teachers (A and C) reported facing a myriad of obstacles in simplifying the lea rning content. The researcher then asked the teachers to identify the techniques they employ considering these challenges (Figure 5). The survey also explored this issue based on the vocabulary teaching style inventory. The findings presented in Figure 5 above indicate that the teachers were using exemplars and switching language (between Arabic and English) more frequently. These two techniques were found to be more effective in supporting vocabulary intake. Classroom models and aids (especially flash cards and modelled behaviour) were also prominent. One of the teachers (Teacher C) was using videos and pictures to enhance the teaching process. The Teachers’ Self-Efficacy The teachers were also evaluated on their level of self-confidence in teaching English as a foreign language. The participants rated their self-efficacy on a scale of 1-5 (Figure 6). The purpose of this activity was to determine if self-confidence has an effect on teachers’ beliefs. According to th e figure above, all the teachers were confident in teaching vocabulary (the mean score was 4.4). The majority of the participants (80%) indicated that adequate preparation prior to teaching increased their level of self-efficacy. In addition, Teacher C and E were using the skills they acquired at the university had increased their self-esteem. Overall, all the teachers felt that adequate and appropriate instructional materials reduce anxiety and fear. The Teachers’ Beliefs The principal purpose of this study was to determine how teachers’ beliefs influence vocabulary intake. Accordingly, the researcher explored this aspect by asking the teachers to rate their attitudes about teaching English to Kuwaiti students (Figure 7). The average score was 4.4, meaning that the teachers had positive beliefs regarding the instruction of English as a foreign language. The participants gave varied reasons to support their insights. Most teachers (80%) argued that English instruction was essential to support other subjects. For example, Teacher B indicated that English complements science instruction because the latter is a universal subject. In addition, Teacher C showed that the unprecedented advances in technology mandates the students to have requisite skills in English. She gave the example of the iPad, which is one of the greatest innovations in the technological industry. On the other hand, all the teachers supported the use of formal tests to examine the students’ skills in both written and spoken English. Discussions Analysis and inferences The first theme of the findings underscored the significance of formal education and training in English instruction. Three of the five teachers had not received any formal training in vocabulary while studying at the University. This limitation was affecting the choice of teaching techniques. The instructors were finding it difficult to teach abstract words. Another teacher could not develop the best strateg ies to simplify the learning content. These findings highlighted the need for further training, which receive support from most teachers. These results were consistent with those from previous studies. For instance, Pajeres (2013) has found that the high education system in Kuwaiti is inadequate to meet the demands of English instruction. Fleming, Bangou and Fellus (2011) have asserted that inappropriate training contributes to the adoption of unproductive classroom practices. Secondly, self-efficacy emerged as a critical aspect of English instruction. The teachers rated their level of confidence highly for two reasons. First, prior and adequate preparation was essential to boost their self-esteem and conviction. Second, the two students who had received formal education in vocabulary instruction were more assertive than those who did not. Thus, this study established a relationship between training and self-efficacy, which is consistent with the previous findings (Brand Wilkins 20 07). Adequate training plays a fundamental role enhancing self-confidence during classroom instruction (Phipps Borg 2009; Watkins 2007; Wright 2007). According to Bolton, Graddol and Meierkord (2011), the teachers who have received formal training in vocabulary instruction are more adept in adopting efficient teaching practices than those who have not. Thirdly, this study has confirmed that teachers’ beliefs influence instruction practices. The teachers firmly believed that the Kuwaiti children should learn English as a second language. The elemental factor that supported the preceding assertion was the standpoint of English in the modern world. One of the teachers indicated that the students require basic skills in the English language in order to adapt to the technological advances. These results are similar with those in the reviewed literature. For example, Zheng (2009) has opined that English will become the language of choice in both political and commercial discourses . The teachers had positive beliefs and attitudes about teaching vocabulary. The high regard for English as a foreign language was facilitating these teachers to develop sound instructional practices. The present research has indicated that the instructional methods were efficient in meeting the students’ learning outcomes. Conversely, previous studies have shown that Kuwaiti EFL teachers are biased against the English language (Karathanos 2009; Nizonkiza 2011; Pajeres 2013). According to Nizonkiza, these prejudices have an adverse effect on the students because the teachers only teach for economic benefits. Pajeres (2013) has asserted that Kuwaiti students have inadequate skills in both written and spoken English. The use of normative teaching techniques is one of the contributors to this dismal performance (Karathanos 2009). Implications for practice The findings from this study have established the significance of formal training and education in vocabulary teaching. Adequ ate and appropriate training is essential because it affects self-efficacy and perceptions. Thus, the Kuwaiti Ministry of Education should make concerted efforts to improve the current system of education. Secondly, the school administrators should consider introducing in-house training programmes, which will be crucial to enhancing the teachers’ skills and competencies in English. Conversely, this study analysed data from only five teachers. The small sample size means that the findings of this research cannot the extrapolated and generalized to other populations. This study has provided the basis for conducting additional studies, which will include a larger sample drawn from multiple schools. Conclusion This research has established the fact that teachers’ beliefs and attitudes affect instruction practices, which subsequently influence vocabulary intake. On the other hand, the level of training and education also plays a significant role in shaping these perceptions . The global politics and economies in the modern society require individuals who are proficient in both written and spoken English. As such, it is essential to enhance the instruction of English as a foreign language in Kuwait. The realization of this goal necessitates the development of a foundational English syllabus emphasizes vocabulary intake, speaking skills, listening skills and grammar. The English course content for both teachers and students should use authentic texts to address the socio-cultural aspects of learning. Reference List Barnard, R Scampton, D 2008, ‘Teaching grammar: a survey of EAP teachers in New Zealand’, New Zealand Studies in Applied Linguistics, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 59-82. Bolton, K, Graddol, D Meierkord, C 2011, ‘Towards developmental world Englishes. World Englishes, vol. 30, pp. 459–480. Brand, B Wilkins, J 2007, ‘Using self-efficacy as a construct for evaluating science and mathematics methods courses’, Journ al of Science Teacher Education, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 297-317. Ezzi, NAA 2012, ‘Yemeni teachers’ beliefs of grammar teaching and classroom practices’, English Language Teaching, vol. 5, no. 8, pp. 170-184. Fleming, D, Bangou, F Fellus, O 2011, ‘ESL teacher-candidates’ beliefs about Language’, TESL Canada Journal, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 39-56. Ghaffarzadeh, HMA 2012a, ‘The effect of teachers’ lexicon teaching beliefs on EFL learners’ vocabulary Intake’, Journal of Education and Learning, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 156-160. Ghaffarzadeh, HMA 2012b, ‘Function-based vs Meaning-based beliefs in teaching vocabulary’, Bellaterra Journal of Teaching Learning Language Literature, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 20-41. Karathanos, K 2009, ‘Exploring US mainstream teachers’ perspectives on use of the native language in instruction with English language learner students’, International Journal of Bilingual Education a nd Bilingualism, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 615-633. Leno, LC Dougherty, LA 2007, ‘Using direct instruction to teach content vocabulary’, Science Scope, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 63-66. Nizonkiza, D 2011, ‘The relationship between lexical competence, collocational competence, and second language proficiency’, English Text Construction, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 113–145. Pajares, MF 2013, ‘Teachers’ beliefs and educational research: cleaning up a messy construct’, Review of Educational Research, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 307-332. Phipps, S Borg, S 2009, ‘Exploring tensions between teachers’ grammar teaching beliefs and practices’, System, vol. 37, pp. 380-390. Teik, OC 2011, ‘Pre-service teachers’ beliefs about the teaching and learning of grammar’, The English Teacher, vol. 40, pp. 27-47. Watkins, D 2007, ‘Learning and teaching: a cross-cultural perspective’, School Leadership and Management, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 161-173. Wright, T 2010, ‘Second language teacher education: review of recent research on practice’, Language Teaching, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 259-296. Wright, WE 2007, ‘Heritage language programs in the era of English-only and no child left behind’, Heritage Language Journal, vol. 5, no.1, pp. 1-26. Yan, H 2009, ‘Student and teacher demotivation in ESL’, Asian Social Science, vol. 5 no. 1, pp. 109-112. Zheng, H 2009, ‘A review of research on EFL pre-service teachers’ beliefs and practices’, Journal of Cambridge Studies, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 73-81. This research paper on Teaching English as a Foreign Language in Kuwait was written and submitted by user Tristin T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay on rough draft wr1

Essay on rough draft wr1 Essay on rough draft wr1 Disi Kou Burlee Vang WR 1 21 June 2015 TV Ads Today more and more advertisements are seen on the TV screen. It’s difficult to find a program without insertion of ads on TV. Food, clothes-everything you can think of-are presented on television. Advertising "as the name suggests is the meaning of" advertised ". TV advertising is rely on visual image language infiltration to as the basic unit of society family, and it is to arouse the audience's desire to buy and consume behavior and make a final goods from producer distribution to the consumer hands. Advertising undoubtedly contributed to the transfer of such goods to the role of the catalyst, and the good or bad direct impact on the exchange of goods and whether the smooth and efficient. In generally, clever advertising often not take a straightforward strategy to highlight the superior performance of the commodity itself, sometimes even deliberately ignore its inherent quality, but to give the goods more imagination and desire on the better life. Obviously value of goods as a material existence and happiness of these ethical considerations do not seem to be directly related, but it is the task of advertising resorted to every means to tell the audience that a concept. As long as have the goods, happiness of life will come. Or that the audience for the purpose of the purchase of goods is not only a real life of real needs, but they want to get an advertising sense of happiness and joy in the process of consumer goods. This feeling becomes deep dynamic and effective way to stimulate consumption. Advertising as a special form of the dissemination of consumer information, consumer-purchasing behavior will have a great impact. Modern marketing believes that the consumer is the center of marketing, all marketing activities to focus on consumers. Advertising is through the dissemination of information, so that consumers can produce the expected positive response to the product which affects the consumer's purchasing behavior. Advertising is a kind of information dissemination activities and information dissemination is its most basic function. Consumers must first understand before buying commodity-related information. Sources of product information from three sources: First contact with itself; the second is the spread of the crowd; the third is a variety of media, such as obtained through television, newspapers or flyers, signs and so on. It is through a variety of media advertising, sending out all kinds of information about the product, so that consumers can get and get relevant knowledge. Advertising media is very wide spread of information, including market information, commodity information, service information, enterprise information and production and life information, etc. Through the dissemination of information on the advertising, can let consumers understand the product or service quality, characteristics, properties, morphology, trademarks and packaging and can bring new special value and sa tisfaction; can make people understand the business enterprise business purpose, development situation, market position and product reputation; can also be commodity related new lifestyles and consumption concept to the people to communicate and guide people's consumption behavior. Survey results show that advertising is an important source of information to understand the function of the product or service content, the proportion of the number of people in Taiwan is 86% and in Hongkong is 74%. In China, 60% of people think that shopping is influenced by advertising, especially television advertising. Nowadays, information has become an important resource for social survival, the unprecedented development of the advertising industry and it makes advertisement becomes the people to obtain the important sources of information, especially for the vast number of consumers, their information on commodity markets and most are directly or indirectly from advertising. At the same time,

Economics Theory Applications Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economics Theory Applications - Research Paper Example According to Mandal (2007, 97) this problem can only be determined based on price mechanisms that has been known to use forces of supply and demand that characterize different products. This is because price mechanism is used to refer to the mechanism that uses prices of products as a signal to both the buyers as well as sellers in any market as to what the market has in store for them, and what trend to follow. This is what forms the core of microeconomic theory where demand, supply and quality prices have a significant role to play. This paper explores the Malaysian market by focusing on Astro satellite TV monopoly to determine the problems that Malaysian satellite television’s market is facing and attempt to solve the problem using microeconomics theory. Microeconomics theory This theory stipulates that demand is the willingness and the ability for a consumer to buy a particular product within a specified period of time. Therefore, if all other factors are held constant, it follows that as prices of goods increases the demand decreases proportionately (Tsoulfidis, 2009, 30). This means that demand and price are inversely proportional. A lower demand of goods means a reduced amount of quantity purchased by consumers. The amount of goods consumers buy at higher prices decrease because as the prices go up, so is the opportunity cost of buying that good or service. People will therefore tend to buy inexpensive goods or services, and avoid buying that product that will force them to forego certain goods or services that are of more value to the consumer. This theory is applied mainly in a monopolistic market where it is only one supplier of goods and services with many consumers that exist, eliminating the case of competition (Ghai and Gupta, 2002, 2). What is Monopoly? Monopoly is a situation characterized by the existence of a single producer in a market who is in control and not with any close competition whatsoever of supplying a particular product. Th is means that the elasticity of demand tends to reduce to almost zero. A company enjoying monopoly has some benefits such as the ability to be innovative with the development of its product and the domination of the demands of the customers (Kirzner, 1997, 65). This is, in addition to, setting its own price standards, orderliness and predictability. The constraints that happen to be either legal or natural protecting the monopoly of the firm from its competitor often generate the blockade to entry to the monopoly market. To make the best use of the profit, monopolist should generate at an output that the marginal cost is equal to marginal revenue. However, the biggest problem of monopoly market is that monopolist is a price maker rather than those price takers in a competitive market (Dwivedi, 2002, 38). This is because the monopoly firm will only continue enjoying maximum profits so long as entry of other firms into the market is blocked. This may either be naturally or artificiall y. Therefore, the firm will continue to produce, and even function at a loss on condition that the losses the firm makes do not in any way exceed its fixed costs (Ghai and Gupta, 2002, 3). This means that the firm will only close when the losses are in excess of the fixed costs of the company. With this advantage, monopoly will charge at the price which is in excess of the marginal price and marginal income, for whatever